Tanneries feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv thiab tsis zoo "sulphide tsw", uas yog qhov tseeb tshwm sim los ntawm cov roj sulfhydric tsawg, tseem hu ua hydrogen sulfide. Cov qib qis li 0.2 ppm ntawm H2S twb tsis kaj siab rau tib neeg thiab ib qho concentration ntawm 20 ppm yog unbearable. Yog li ntawd, tanneries tej zaum yuav raug yuam kom kaw beamhouse ua hauj lwm los yog raug yuam kom rov nrhiav dua nyob deb ntawm cov neeg nyob.
Raws li beamhouse thiab tanning feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv tib lub chaw, tsis hnov tsw yog qhov teeb meem tsawg dua. Los ntawm tib neeg yuam kev, qhov no yeej ib txwm tuav qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev sib xyaw acidic ntab nrog cov sulfide uas muaj beamhouse ntab thiab tso ntau dua H2S. Nyob rau theem ntawm 500 ppm tag nrho cov olfactory receptors raug thaiv thiab cov roj, yog li ntawd, ua unnoticeable thiab raug rau 30 min ua rau lub neej hem intoxication. Ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 5,000 ppm (0.5%), toxicity yog li hais tias ib leeg ua pa txaus ua rau tuag tam sim hauv vib nas this.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov teeb meem no thiab kev pheej hmoo, sulfide yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsis muaj plaub hau rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tau zoo: kev siv cov organic sulphides tau pom tias yuav siv tau tab sis tsis tau txais tiag tiag vim yog cov nqi ntxiv. Unhairing ib leeg los ntawm proteolytic thiab keratolytic enzymes tau sim ntau dua tab sis rau qhov tsis muaj kev xaiv yog qhov nyuaj hauv kev coj ua. Ntau txoj haujlwm tseem tau nqis peev hauv oxidative unhairing, tab sis txog rau hnub no nws yog qhov txwv tsis pub siv vim nws nyuaj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.
Cov txheej txheem unhairing
Covington tau suav cov theoretical xav tau ntawm sodium sulphide ntawm qib kev lag luam (60-70%) rau cov txheej txheem plaub hau kom tsuas yog 0.6%, txheeb ze rau qhov hnyav. Hauv kev xyaum, cov nyiaj raug ua haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem txhim khu kev qha yog ntau dua, uas yog 2-3%. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tseeb hais tias tus nqi ntawm unhairing yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm sulfide ions (S2-) nyob rau hauv lub ntab. Cov floats luv yog feem ntau siv kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm sulfide. Txawm li cas los xij, txo cov qib sulfide tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev tshem tawm cov plaub hau kom tiav nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tsim nyog.
Saib ntau ze ntawm yuav ua li cas tus nqi ntawm unhairing nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj ua hauj lwm, nws yog heev pom tseeb hais tias ib tug siab concentration yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw nres rau ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej txheem. Hauv cov txheej txheem plaub hau, qhov kev tawm tsam no yog cov keratin ntawm cov plaub hau cortex, uas yog degraded los ntawm sulphide vim kev tawg-down ntawm cystine txuas hniav.
Hauv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov plaub hau, qhov twg keratin tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov taw tes ntawm kev tawm tsam feem ntau yog cov protein ntawm cov plaub hau qhov muag teev uas yog hydrolysed tsuas yog vim cov kab mob alkaline lossis los ntawm cov enzymes proteolytic, yog tias tam sim no. Qhov thib ob thiab qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam yog qhov pre-keratin uas nyob saum cov plaub hau teeb; Nws tuaj yeem degraded los ntawm proteolytic hydrolysis ua ke nrog cov nyhuv keratolytic ntawm sulfide.
Txawm li cas los xij cov txheej txheem siv rau unhairing, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam no yooj yim nkag tau rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj, tso cai rau ib tug siab hauv zos concentration ntawm sulphide uas yuav nyob rau hauv lem ua rau ib tug siab ntawm unhairing. Qhov no kuj txhais tau hais tias yog yooj yim nkag tau ntawm cov txheej txheem active tshuaj (xws li txiv qaub, sulphide, enzyme thiab lwm yam) mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab tau, nws yuav siv tau cov tshuaj no tsawg heev.
Soaking yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tsis muaj plaub hau
Tag nrho cov tshuaj ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem unhairing yog dej soluble thiab dej yog cov txheej txheem nruab nrab. Roj yog li ntawd ib tug natural barrier txo cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tej unhairing tshuaj. Kev tshem tawm cov roj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tom qab unhairing. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus rau kev tshem tawm cov plaub hau zoo nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kauj ruam soaking.
Lub hom phiaj yog qhov ua tau zoo degreasing ntawm cov plaub hau thiab qhov chaw nkaum thiab tshem tawm cov roj sebaceous. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob tshem tawm cov roj ntau dhau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov nqaij, vim nws feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv emulsion thiab roj smearing yuav yog qhov tshwm sim. Qhov no ua rau lub ntsej muag greasy es tsis yog qhov xav tau "qhuav" ib qho, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis muaj plaub hau.
Thaum qhov kev xaiv tshem tawm cov roj los ntawm qee yam qauv ntawm lub zais nthuav tawm lawv mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tom ntej ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj plaub hau, lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub zais tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib lub sijhawm. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias soaking nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob muab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb-alkali tebchaw thaum kawg ua rau tawv nqaij nrog txhim kho fullness ntawm flanks thiab plab thiab ib tug ntau dua qhov chaw siv. Txog tam sim no tsis muaj cov lus piav qhia tag nrho rau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas qhia tau tias qhov tseeb soaking nrog lub ntiaj teb alkalines ua rau muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov rog rog nyob rau hauv lub zais piv rau soaking nrog dej qab zib tshauv.
Thaum cov nyhuv degreasing nrog dej qab zib tshauv yog ib qho zoo sib xws, siv lub ntiaj teb alkalines ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau dua ntawm cov rog hauv cov cheeb tsam xoob ntawm cov tawv nqaij, piv txwv li hauv cov flanks. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog vim kev xaiv tshem tawm cov rog los ntawm lwm qhov chaw lossis rov ua kom cov khoom muaj rog tsis tuaj yeem hais tau tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij yog vim li cas, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev txiav tawm yog qhov tsis lees paub.
Ib tug tshiab xaiv soaking tus neeg sawv cev ua rau siv cov piav qhia los; nws muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej cov xwm txheej rau cov plaub hau-cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov plaub hau zoo tshem tawm nrog txo cov sulphide, thiab tib lub sij hawm nws khaws kev ncaj ncees ntawm plab thiab flanks.
Tsawg sulfide enzymatic pab unhairing
Tom qab lub zais yog npaj kom zoo nyob rau hauv soaking, unhairing yog zoo tshaj plaws ua tiav nrog ib tug txheej txheem uas siv ib tug ua ke ntawm ib tug enzymatic proteolytic formulation thiab keratolytic nyhuv ntawm sulphide. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov plaub hau, tam sim no qhov kev thov sulphide tuaj yeem txo qis mus rau theem ntawm tsuas yog 1% txheeb ze los nkaum qhov hnyav ntawm qhov loj dua bovine hides. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsis muaj plaub hau lossis kev huv ntawm cov tawv nqaij. Qhov kev thov qis dua kuj ua rau txo qis qis ntawm sulfide hauv liming ntab nrog rau hauv qhov zais (nws yuav tso H2S tsawg dua tom qab deliming thiab pickling!). Txawm tias cov txheej txheem plaub hau tsoos tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm tib qhov kev thov sulphide qis.
Sib nrug los ntawm cov nyhuv keratolytic ntawm sulphide, proteolytic hydrolysis yog ib txwm xav tau rau kev tshem tawm. Cov plaub hau qhov muag teev, uas muaj cov protein, thiab pre-keratin nyob saum nws yuav tsum tau tawm tsam. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm alkalinity thiab optionally los ntawm proteolytic enzymes.
Collagen yog qhov ua rau hydrolysis ntau dua li keratin, thiab tom qab cov txiv qaub ntxiv cov tshuaj collagen ib txwm raug hloov kho thiab yog li ua kom nkag siab ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, alkaline o tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj. Nws yog, yog li ntawd, muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua los ua kom tiav qhov kev tawm tsam proteolytic ntawm cov plaub hau thiab pre-keratin ntawm qis pH ua ntej ntxiv cov txiv qaub.
Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov qauv tshiab proteolytic enzymatic unhairing formulation uas muaj nws cov haujlwm siab tshaj plaws nyob ib puag ncig pH 10.5. Ntawm qhov pH ntawm cov txheej txheem liming ntawm ib ncig ntawm 13, qhov kev ua haujlwm tau qis dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov pelt tsis tshua pom muaj hydrolytic degradation thaum nws nyob hauv nws lub xeev rhiab tshaj plaws.
Ib qho tsis tshua muaj sulphide, qis txiv qaub cov plaub hau kev nyab xeeb
Tus neeg sawv cev ntub dej tiv thaiv qhov chaw xoob xoob ntawm qhov nkaum thiab cov txheej txheem enzymatic unhairing uas yog deactivitated ntawm pH siab tau lees tias qhov kev pom zoo kom tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm cov tawv nqaij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshiab unhairing system tso cai rau txo qis ntawm sulphide, txawm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov plaub hau hlawv. Tab sis cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tau txais yog tias nws siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem plaub hau. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev thiab kev xaiv cov txiaj ntsig proteolytic ntawm kev tsim cov enzyme tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab tsis muaj plaub hau tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm cov plaub hau zoo thiab cov hauv paus plaub hau thiab nrog kev txhim kho kev huv ntawm cov tawv nqaij.
Lub kaw lus txhim kho qhov qhib-up ntawm qhov zais uas ua rau cov tawv nqaij softer yog tias tsis tau them nyiaj los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov txiv qaub. Qhov no, ua ke nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov plaub hau los ntawm lub lim, ua rau kom txo qis sludge ntau.
Xaus
Ib qho tsis tshua muaj sulfide, cov txheej txheem qis nrog cov epidermis zoo, cov hauv paus plaub hau thiab tshem tawm cov plaub hau zoo yog ua tau nrog kev npaj kom zoo ntawm qhov nkaum hauv soaking. Ib qho kev xaiv enzymatic auxiliary tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsis muaj plaub hau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov nplej, plab thiab flanks.
Ua ke ob qho tib si cov khoom, thev naus laus zis muab cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no dhau ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj:
- txhim kho kev nyab xeeb
- ntau tsawg obnoxious tsw
- txo qis load ntawm ib puag ncig - sulfide, nitrogen, COD, sludge
- optimized thiab zoo ib yam tawm los hauv lay-out, txiav thiab tawv zoo
- txo cov nqi tshuaj, txheej txheem thiab pov tseg
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-25-2022
